| 翻訳と辞書 |
heat shock
In biochemistry, heat shock is the effect of subjecting a cell to a higher temperature than that of the ideal body temperature of the organism from which the cell line was derived.
==Heat shock response==
The cellular response to heat shock includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism.〔Guisbert, E., Yura, T., Rhodius, V.A., and Gross, C.A. 2008. Convergence of molecular, modeling and systems approaches for an understanding of the ''Escherichia coli'' heat shock response. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72: 545-554. 〕 They are also called stress-proteins.〔Vabulas, R.M,, Raychaudhuri, S., Hayer-Hartl, M. and Hartl, F.U. 2010. Protein Folding in the Cytoplasm and the Heat Shock Response. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 〕 and respond to heat, cold and oxygen deprivation by activating several cascade pathways. HSPs are also present in cells under perfectly normal conditions.〔 Some HSPs, called chaperones, ensure that the cell’s proteins are in the right shape and in the right place at the right time.〔〔 For example, HSPs help new or misfolded proteins to fold into their correct three-dimensional conformations, which is essential for their function.〔 They also shuttle proteins from one compartment to another inside the cell, and target old or terminally misfolded proteins to proteases for degradation.〔 Heat shock proteins are also believed to play a role in the presentation of pieces of proteins (or peptides) on the cell surface to help the immune system recognize diseased cells.〔Tsan, M. and Gao, B. 2009. Heat shock proteins and immune system. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 85( 6): 905-910. .〕
The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor (HSF), while σ32 is the heat shock sigma factor in ''Escherichia coli''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「heat shock」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|